Women are at a risk of developing major depressive disorder at a rate of more than twofold that of men.The present work is to explore the altered spontaneous neural activity measured with regional homogeneity(ReHo)in female major depression disorder(MDD)patients by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Twelve MDD females and twelve matched healthy participants scanned at resting state were included in the study.A ReHo analysis method was used to detect intrinsic cerebral activation responses across the whole brain.Increased ReHo value was found in the right anterior cingulate gyrus and left fusiform gyrus,and decreased ReHo value in the right putamen,left middle frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus in female patients compared to healthy controls.The ReHo analysis through studying the spontaneous neural activity alteration help us better understand the mechanism of the depression.