Dead and dying cells release nucleic acids (NA).These extracellular RNAs and DNAs can be taken up by immune cells and activate multiple nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors (TLR3,7,8,and 9).The inappropriate activation of these TLRs can engender a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease.We have previously demonstrated that certain nucleic acid-binding polymers (NABP) could significantly improve survival of mice with acute liver failure caused by CpG-induced inflammation [1].With the knowledge of intracellular localization of nucleic acid recognizing TLRs,we further propose immobilizing cationic polymers on microparticles surface to prevent uptake by immune cells.Moreover,immobilized NAPBs in the form of cationic microparticles offer potential advantages of higher charge density and lower systemic toxicity.