Purpose: Healthcare-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), which have a high incidence, increases treatment costs and mortality, and seriously threatens the safety of critically ill children.It is very important to seek convenient and effective methods to prevent and control healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs).Methods: Two groups critically ill patients (N=3,722 and N=3,943), who were admitted to PICU separately during 2007 to 2010 and during 2011 to 2013, respectively, aged 1 month to 14 years, were included in a retrospective/prospective controlled study to compare the effects of the post of infection control nurse on the morbidity and mortality of patients with acquired P aeruginosa infections and on the drug resistance rate and multi-drug resistance (MDR) of P.aeruginosa.Results: After implementation of the post of infection control nurse, the overall mortality of patients fell from 4.81% to 3.73%, the incidence of endotracheal intubation-related pneumonia decreased from 44.6% to 34.32%, the mortality rates of patients with endotracheal intubation decreased from 16.96% to 10.17%, and the morbidity of HAIs with P aeruginosa from 1.89% to 1.07%.The drug-resistance rate of P aeruginosa to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem/cilastatin, and ceftriaxone was decreased significantly, and the MDR rate dropped from 67.95% to 44.23%.The differences in these rates were significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Implementing the post of infection control nurse can effectively reduce the HAI rate, especially the morbidity of P.aeruginosa HAIs, and PICU mortality, improve P aeruginosa drug resistance.