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For o ver 5 0 years,t he p etrochemical i n E urope an d North America have b een using on l ine a nalytical instruments to monitor and control the operation of manufacturing plants.The devices range from pH and toxic gas monitors as the most simple to mass spectrometers and FT IRs as the more advanced types.D uring this 50 year period several important lessons have been learned about what causes process analytical installations to succeed or fail.Important factors which result i n success or failure will be discussed in t his talk.T hese relate to technology complexity of analyzers and sample systems,maintenance expertise required,organizational and work process issues.By making cer tain changes in these areas,some companies have b een ab le to greatly improve the rate o f p roject success.