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在学习英语的过程中，我们会见到很多词义相近但用法不同的易混词语。近义词辨析是同学们英语学习的难点之一，也是各级各类测试的重点之一。现列举人教版Module Three Units1-2中的一些易混词，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助。
◆ 1. get, gain, obtain__________
都有“取得；获得”的意思
get 概括性最强，为一般用语，指以某种方法或手段得到某种东西。
gain 较为正式，指付出很大努力后获取某物，含有强有力地夺取之意。还表示增加已有的东西。
obtain 指通过努力工作或斗争得到所需要的东西或达到某种目的。
Did you get my telegram? 你收到我的电报了吗？
The troop gained the victory after a bloody battle. 部队经过一场浴血奋战之后赢得了胜利。
He obtained a good knowledge of the language by careful study. 通过细心的研究学习他掌握了这门语言。
◆ 2. take place, happen, occur, break out, come about_______________
都有“发生”的意思
take place 较为正式，不带有偶然之意，多指按意图或计划进行，无被动语态。
happen 偶然、碰巧发生，而且多指整个情况。
occur 指具体事情的发生，有时也带有偶然之意，但与happen相比程度较弱。
break out 多指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突然发生。
come about 多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我永远也弄不明白你怎么能一周迟到三次。
She pressed the button but nothing happened. 她按下按钮，但没有任何反应。
The doctor said that death occurred at about the midnight. 医生说死亡大约发生在半夜。
When will the basketball game take place? 这场篮球赛何时举行？
They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939. 1939年战争爆发前不久他们已逃往美国。
◆ 3. combine, join, connect, unite_____
combine 意为“合并；联合”, 指原来性质或成分不同的东西合并成一体。
join 意为“连接”，指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接连接起来，使其结合在一起，成为较大的集体或物体，关系较connect更密切。
connect “连接；结合”，指两者相互连接，但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态，强调用连接或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。
unite 指两者或两者以上的事物紧密结合，强调结合后的一致性和统一性，与独立性相对立，因此译成“统一；联合；团结”。
The army led by Zhu De and the one led by Mao Zedong joined forces at Mount Jinggang. 朱德领导的军队和毛泽东领导的军队在井冈山会师。
This flight connects with next one in Chongqing. 这班飞机在重庆可接上另一班飞机。
We will unite in fighting crime. 我们将联手打击犯罪。
Can you combine water with oil? 你能把水与油溶合在一起吗？
◆ 4. gather, collect__________
都有“收集”的意思
gather 指把分散的东西集中在一起，主要是为了使用，如收集庄稼、树叶、花草等。
collect 常指精心地、有目的地、按一定要求进行的有选择性的收集。
collect money 为某目的收款或募捐
gather money 攒钱
◆ 5. remind, recall__________
都有“使想起”的意思，但搭配有别：
remind sb of sth=recall sth to sb
The picture reminds me of my school days. = The picture recalls my school days to me. 这幅画使我想起了我的学生时代。
◆ 6. strength, energy, power, force_____
这组词都与“力”有关。
strength 多用来指人的“力气”，
energy 指人的“精力；活力”或“能源；能量”。
power 意为“动力、思维能力、体力等各种力量或能力”，引申指势力、权力、政权或国力。
force 主要指来自自然的力量，也指为做成某事而使用的力量。还指暴力、武力，或引申为兵力、军队。
The boy lifted the stone with all his strength. 那个男孩用全力举起那块石头。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
in power 当权，执政
The robber took the money from the old man by force. 抢劫犯用暴力抢走了那位老人的钱。
Yong people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人比老年人精力更充沛。
I didn’t have the strength to get out of bed. 我没有力气下床。
◆ 7. win, beat, defeat__________
win 表示“赢得”时，后面要接比赛、活动、战斗、奖品、钱等词语，不能用人作其宾语。
beat和defeat作“赢”解释时，后面一般接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手等。
He won the Nobel Prize in 1986. 1986年他获得了诺贝尔奖。
Japan was beaten in the war with China. 中国在抗战中战胜了日本。
Having been defeated in the match, all the players were disappointed. 在比赛中被击败，所有的选手都非常失望。
注意 短语“beat the record”打破纪录，不可以说成“defeat the record”。
◆ 8. stare, glare, glance__________
都有“看”的意思
stare 指盯着，入神地看。多指由于惊奇、害怕、生气或沉思而睁大眼睛全神贯注。
glare 更侧重于怒视。
glance 指瞥见，一瞥。
gaze 凝视，长时间无意识地注视。
The old man stared up and down at the uninvited guest. 老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。
He glared at me because of my bad behavior. 由于我的不当行为他怒视着我。
He glanced at the dishes on the table. 他瞥了一眼桌子上的菜。
She turned to gaze admiringly at her husband. 她转过身来赞赏地凝视着她的丈夫。
◆ 9. sign, signal, symbol，mark_____
sign 指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
mark 既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有利于其他事物的特征。
She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet. 她将手指放在唇上表示应安静。
We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal. 我们住的地方离城里太远, 不能收到清晰的电视信号。
The white color is a symbol of purity. 白色是纯洁的象征。
The monument bears the mark of age. 纪念碑上有年深日久的痕迹。
◆ 10. custom, habit__________
都有“习惯”的意思
habit侧重于人的爱好。
manner侧重于良好的习惯、礼仪。
custom侧重于地方风俗。
It’s not easy to rid oneself of a habit. 要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
The foreigner knew the local custom very well. 这位外国人对当地的风俗非常熟悉。
He is a man gentle in manner but firm in action. 他是一个举止文雅但行动坚决的人。
◆ 11. award, reward__________
（1）reward 作名词时，指报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词时，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏。
（2）award 作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”；作动词时意为“授予，颁发, (法庭)判给”。
How can I reward your kindness? 我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?
They awarded John the first prize. 他们授予约翰一等奖。
◆ 12. cut down, cut off, cut up_____
cut down 指把某物砍倒，也用来指削减数目、缩小尺寸。
cut off 常用来指切断某物的供应，也指使电话中断或挡住光线、阳光等。
cut up 常用来指把某物切碎，剁碎，也可引申指“使伤心，使悲痛”。
We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. 我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
When there is a fire, the first thing you do is to cut off electricity. 着火后你要做的第一件事就是切断电源。
She was pretty cut up about their leaving. 他们这一走使她伤心极了。
◆ 13. too much, much too, too many
too much 意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词；可放在句末作程度状语，也可以用来修饰比较级。
much too 意为“太……”，修饰形容词或副词原形。
too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。
We had too much rain here lately. 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。
He drove much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。
They built too many buildings last year. 去年他们建了很多的楼房。
◆ 14. amaze, astonish, surprise_____
都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。
amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。
surprise表示“出乎意料之外”。
A trip to the Beijing Zoo will amaze the children. 到北京动物园会使那些孩子们感到惊奇.
It will astonish you to hear what she paid for this ring. 听到她花多少钱买这枚戒指会使你大吃一惊。
We are much surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我们很吃惊。
练习
1. gain, obtain
a. She decided to pursue her study after_____ her first degree.
b. They_____experience through struggle.
2. take place, happen, occur, break out, come about
a. Food shortage often_____in times of war.
b. The meeting will_____soon.
c. A quarrel_____between them.
d. Be prepared for anything to .
e. How did it_____that he knew where we were?
3. gather, collect
a. Clouds_____before a thunderstorm.
b. It cost me 100 dollars to the stamps.
4. remind, recall
a. I have to_____him of his responsibilities.
b. I often_____my childhood which is gone.
5. cut down, cut off, cut up
a. I_____the meat for cooking meat ball.
b. He has to_____ on the consumption of meat.
c. The slide_____ the valley from the rest of the world.
6. award, reward
a. The university_____him an honorary degree.
b. Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be .
7. custom, habit
a. The_____has been known from of old.
b. My colleague has broken off the_____of smoking.
参考答案
1. obtain; gain
2. occur; take place; broke out; happen; come about
3. gather; collect
4. remind; recall
5. cut up; cut down; cut off
6. awarded; rewarded
7. custom; habit
◆ 1. get, gain, obtain__________
都有“取得；获得”的意思
get 概括性最强，为一般用语，指以某种方法或手段得到某种东西。
gain 较为正式，指付出很大努力后获取某物，含有强有力地夺取之意。还表示增加已有的东西。
obtain 指通过努力工作或斗争得到所需要的东西或达到某种目的。
Did you get my telegram? 你收到我的电报了吗？
The troop gained the victory after a bloody battle. 部队经过一场浴血奋战之后赢得了胜利。
He obtained a good knowledge of the language by careful study. 通过细心的研究学习他掌握了这门语言。
◆ 2. take place, happen, occur, break out, come about_______________
都有“发生”的意思
take place 较为正式，不带有偶然之意，多指按意图或计划进行，无被动语态。
happen 偶然、碰巧发生，而且多指整个情况。
occur 指具体事情的发生，有时也带有偶然之意，但与happen相比程度较弱。
break out 多指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突然发生。
come about 多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. 我永远也弄不明白你怎么能一周迟到三次。
She pressed the button but nothing happened. 她按下按钮，但没有任何反应。
The doctor said that death occurred at about the midnight. 医生说死亡大约发生在半夜。
When will the basketball game take place? 这场篮球赛何时举行？
They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939. 1939年战争爆发前不久他们已逃往美国。
◆ 3. combine, join, connect, unite_____
combine 意为“合并；联合”, 指原来性质或成分不同的东西合并成一体。
join 意为“连接”，指把性质相同但形体上分离的东西直接连接起来，使其结合在一起，成为较大的集体或物体，关系较connect更密切。
connect “连接；结合”，指两者相互连接，但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态，强调用连接或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。
unite 指两者或两者以上的事物紧密结合，强调结合后的一致性和统一性，与独立性相对立，因此译成“统一；联合；团结”。
The army led by Zhu De and the one led by Mao Zedong joined forces at Mount Jinggang. 朱德领导的军队和毛泽东领导的军队在井冈山会师。
This flight connects with next one in Chongqing. 这班飞机在重庆可接上另一班飞机。
We will unite in fighting crime. 我们将联手打击犯罪。
Can you combine water with oil? 你能把水与油溶合在一起吗？
◆ 4. gather, collect__________
都有“收集”的意思
gather 指把分散的东西集中在一起，主要是为了使用，如收集庄稼、树叶、花草等。
collect 常指精心地、有目的地、按一定要求进行的有选择性的收集。
collect money 为某目的收款或募捐
gather money 攒钱
◆ 5. remind, recall__________
都有“使想起”的意思，但搭配有别：
remind sb of sth=recall sth to sb
The picture reminds me of my school days. = The picture recalls my school days to me. 这幅画使我想起了我的学生时代。
◆ 6. strength, energy, power, force_____
这组词都与“力”有关。
strength 多用来指人的“力气”，
energy 指人的“精力；活力”或“能源；能量”。
power 意为“动力、思维能力、体力等各种力量或能力”，引申指势力、权力、政权或国力。
force 主要指来自自然的力量，也指为做成某事而使用的力量。还指暴力、武力，或引申为兵力、军队。
The boy lifted the stone with all his strength. 那个男孩用全力举起那块石头。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
in power 当权，执政
The robber took the money from the old man by force. 抢劫犯用暴力抢走了那位老人的钱。
Yong people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人比老年人精力更充沛。
I didn’t have the strength to get out of bed. 我没有力气下床。
◆ 7. win, beat, defeat__________
win 表示“赢得”时，后面要接比赛、活动、战斗、奖品、钱等词语，不能用人作其宾语。
beat和defeat作“赢”解释时，后面一般接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手等。
He won the Nobel Prize in 1986. 1986年他获得了诺贝尔奖。
Japan was beaten in the war with China. 中国在抗战中战胜了日本。
Having been defeated in the match, all the players were disappointed. 在比赛中被击败，所有的选手都非常失望。
注意 短语“beat the record”打破纪录，不可以说成“defeat the record”。
◆ 8. stare, glare, glance__________
都有“看”的意思
stare 指盯着，入神地看。多指由于惊奇、害怕、生气或沉思而睁大眼睛全神贯注。
glare 更侧重于怒视。
glance 指瞥见，一瞥。
gaze 凝视，长时间无意识地注视。
The old man stared up and down at the uninvited guest. 老人把不速之客上下打量了一番。
He glared at me because of my bad behavior. 由于我的不当行为他怒视着我。
He glanced at the dishes on the table. 他瞥了一眼桌子上的菜。
She turned to gaze admiringly at her husband. 她转过身来赞赏地凝视着她的丈夫。
◆ 9. sign, signal, symbol，mark_____
sign 指人们公认的事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
mark 既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有利于其他事物的特征。
She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet. 她将手指放在唇上表示应安静。
We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal. 我们住的地方离城里太远, 不能收到清晰的电视信号。
The white color is a symbol of purity. 白色是纯洁的象征。
The monument bears the mark of age. 纪念碑上有年深日久的痕迹。
◆ 10. custom, habit__________
都有“习惯”的意思
habit侧重于人的爱好。
manner侧重于良好的习惯、礼仪。
custom侧重于地方风俗。
It’s not easy to rid oneself of a habit. 要改掉一个习惯是不容易的。
The foreigner knew the local custom very well. 这位外国人对当地的风俗非常熟悉。
He is a man gentle in manner but firm in action. 他是一个举止文雅但行动坚决的人。
◆ 11. award, reward__________
（1）reward 作名词时，指报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词时，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏。
（2）award 作名词时，意为“奖品，奖金”；作动词时意为“授予，颁发, (法庭)判给”。
How can I reward your kindness? 我怎样才能报答你的好心呢?
They awarded John the first prize. 他们授予约翰一等奖。
◆ 12. cut down, cut off, cut up_____
cut down 指把某物砍倒，也用来指削减数目、缩小尺寸。
cut off 常用来指切断某物的供应，也指使电话中断或挡住光线、阳光等。
cut up 常用来指把某物切碎，剁碎，也可引申指“使伤心，使悲痛”。
We need to cut the article down to 1,000 words. 我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
When there is a fire, the first thing you do is to cut off electricity. 着火后你要做的第一件事就是切断电源。
She was pretty cut up about their leaving. 他们这一走使她伤心极了。
◆ 13. too much, much too, too many
too much 意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词；可放在句末作程度状语，也可以用来修饰比较级。
much too 意为“太……”，修饰形容词或副词原形。
too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。
We had too much rain here lately. 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。
He drove much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。
They built too many buildings last year. 去年他们建了很多的楼房。
◆ 14. amaze, astonish, surprise_____
都可作及物动词，意思相近，一般都是以事物作主语，人称作宾语。
amaze强调“使惊讶”，有时还有“惊叹”，“佩服”等意。
astonish表示“使大吃一惊”，“几乎使人无法相信”之意。
surprise表示“出乎意料之外”。
A trip to the Beijing Zoo will amaze the children. 到北京动物园会使那些孩子们感到惊奇.
It will astonish you to hear what she paid for this ring. 听到她花多少钱买这枚戒指会使你大吃一惊。
We are much surprised at the news. 听到这个消息我们很吃惊。
练习
1. gain, obtain
a. She decided to pursue her study after_____ her first degree.
b. They_____experience through struggle.
2. take place, happen, occur, break out, come about
a. Food shortage often_____in times of war.
b. The meeting will_____soon.
c. A quarrel_____between them.
d. Be prepared for anything to .
e. How did it_____that he knew where we were?
3. gather, collect
a. Clouds_____before a thunderstorm.
b. It cost me 100 dollars to the stamps.
4. remind, recall
a. I have to_____him of his responsibilities.
b. I often_____my childhood which is gone.
5. cut down, cut off, cut up
a. I_____the meat for cooking meat ball.
b. He has to_____ on the consumption of meat.
c. The slide_____ the valley from the rest of the world.
6. award, reward
a. The university_____him an honorary degree.
b. Anyone providing information which leads to the recovery of the painting will be .
7. custom, habit
a. The_____has been known from of old.
b. My colleague has broken off the_____of smoking.
参考答案
1. obtain; gain
2. occur; take place; broke out; happen; come about
3. gather; collect
4. remind; recall
5. cut up; cut down; cut off
6. awarded; rewarded
7. custom; habit