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在我国北方粮食主产区,尤其黄淮海平原农业区,地下水是农业灌溉的重要水源,地下水超采状况与灌溉农业对其依赖程度和地下水保障能力密切相关。本文以黄淮海平原为例,通过农业灌溉用水强度与降水量和农作物播种强度之间关系研究,以及灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖程度和对地下水超采影响特征研究,提出灌溉农业的地下水保障能力相应概念和评价方法。应用结果表明:(1)采用灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖程度、地下水对灌溉农业用水保障程度和灌溉农业的地下水保障能力的评价理论方法,能够客观阐明灌溉农业用水对地下水依赖状况、地下水保障能力的区域分布特征及其成因;(2)黄淮海平原西北部灌溉农业的地下水保障能力较弱,尤其河北平原已处于“难以保障”或“无法保障”状态;而黄河以南地区的地下水保障能力较强。
Groundwater is an important water source for agricultural irrigation in the main grain-producing areas in northern China, especially the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Groundwater over-extraction is closely related to the dependency degree of irrigated agriculture and groundwater supportability. This paper, taking the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as an example, studied the relationship between agricultural irrigation water intensity and precipitation and crop seeding intensity, as well as the dependence of irrigation agricultural water on groundwater and the impact on groundwater over-mining, and proposed the corresponding groundwater support ability of irrigated agriculture Concept and evaluation method. The application results show that: (1) The theory of evaluating the dependency of irrigated agricultural water on groundwater, the degree of protection of irrigated agricultural water by groundwater and the ability of groundwater protection in irrigated agriculture can objectively clarify the dependence of irrigated agricultural water on groundwater and groundwater (2) The groundwater protection ability of irrigated agriculture in the northwestern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is weak, especially the Hebei Plain is in the status of “difficult to protect” or “unable to protect”; while in the area south of the Yellow River Groundwater protection ability.