细胞外基质（ECM）的代谢紊乱及异常沉积是影响肾小球病变发生发展的重要环节．各种肾小球病变中的ECM合成与分泌均有增加，但在不同病理发展阶段及组织学类型中其成分和分布并不一致，不同结构的Ⅳ型胶原纤维α链分布与各类肾炎肾小球病理改变密切相关。此外，在肾病变中ECM代谢受基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制因子等各种因素的调节。 Metabolic disorders and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important part of the development of glomerular lesions. ECM synthesis and secretion in various glomerular lesions increased, but in different pathological stages and histological types of its composition and distribution are not the same, the different structure of type Ⅳ collagen fiber α chain distribution and various types of nephritis kidney Ball pathology is closely related. In addition, ECM metabolism in nephropathy is regulated by various factors such as matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors.