火山是地下深处的高温岩浆及其有关的气体、碎屑从地壳中喷出而形成的、具有特殊形态的地质结构。火山爆发是一种很严重的地质灾害,爆发时喷出的熔岩流在顷刻之间会给附近的人们带来灭顶之灾,产生的火山灰和火山气体会对大气圈产生很大影响,引起臭氧层破坏和地表气压升降。火山活动还会影响地球温度、火山活动地区降水量和ENSO循环,给全球气候变化带来不容小觑的作用。因此,火山研究不仅是人类寻求防御自然灾害的需求,更是了解地球内部物质组成、探讨地壳运动规律与地球演化历史的重要内容。此外,科学家在火星、金星等天体上也发现了大规模火山活动的遗迹,在木星的卫星上还观测到了正在进行的剧烈的火山活动。目前,火山已开始作为一种宇宙现象被进行研究。 Volcanoes are high-temperature magma and its related gases deep in the underground. The debris is formed from the crust and has a special geological structure. Volcanic eruptions are a serious geological disaster. The lava flow erupted at the time of the outburst can cause drowsiness to nearby people in an instant. The resulting volcanic ash and volcanic gas have a great impact on the atmosphere, causing the ozone layer Damage and surface pressure movements. Volcanic activity also affects the Earth’s temperature, precipitation in the volcanic areas and the ENSO cycle, which can not be underestimated for global climate change. Therefore, volcanic research is not only the demand of mankind seeking to defend against natural disasters, but also the understanding of the composition of the earth’s interior matter and the important content of the laws of crustal movement and the evolution of the earth. In addition, scientists also found traces of large-scale volcanic activity on celestial bodies such as Mars and Venus, and vigorous volcanic activity is being observed on Jupiter’s satellites. At present, the volcano has begun to be studied as a cosmic phenomenon.