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稀土资源的战略储备关乎国家经济长远发展和国家资源安全。本文从稀土资源战略储备的驱动因素入手,对稀土资源近十年的消耗量、开采总量进行分析,并从稀土资源安全、稀土国际贸易摩擦和稀土行业健康发展的视角,阐述建立稀土战略储备的必要性;提出我国稀土战略储备可以参照日本的资源储备模式,最初以民间储备作为储备的主体,而后逐步增加国家储备的比重,走国家与民间相结合的道路;并提出了稀土储备目标模型、储备驱动事件和储备运行资金,建议从制定国家稀土资源储备法、完善稀土资源储备的管理机构、完善稀土资源封存储备基地的补偿制度三个方面来构建稀土战略储备的保障机制。
The strategic reserve of rare earth resources is related to the long-term development of national economy and national resource security. This article starts with the driving forces of strategic reserves of rare earth resources, analyzes the consumption and total amount of exploitation of rare earth resources in recent ten years, and elaborates the strategy of establishing rare earth strategic reserves from the perspective of rare earth resources safety, rare earth international trade friction and rare earth industry health development. The paper puts forward that our country’s rare earth strategic reserve can refer to Japan’s resource reserve mode. At first, private reserve serves as the main body of reserve. Then it gradually increases the proportion of national reserve and takes the path of combining national with non-government. , Reserve-driven events and reserve funds for operation, it is suggested that the mechanism for guaranteeing the strategic reserve of rare earths should be established from three aspects: establishing the national law of reserve of rare earth resources, improving the management institution of rare earth resources reserve and perfecting the compensation system of reserve base of rare earth resources.