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目的了解安徽省淮南市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行特点和趋势。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对淮南市历年乙脑流行病学资料进行整理和分析。结果1952-2008年淮南市共报告乙脑4444例,发病率波动在0.14/10万~58.27/10万之间,年平均发病率为1.17/10万,1995年以来发病率降至1/10万以下。病例分布于全市所有县(区),农村发病高于城市。流行期为6-9月,高峰为7-8月,占全年病例的93.18%。患者以<10岁儿童为主,占90.11%,其中以散居儿童居多。病例中未接种过乙脑疫苗的以流动儿童为主。结论1998年以来乙脑发病率显著下降与乙脑疫苗预防接种为主的综合性防制措施有关,今后仍需提高农村儿童和流动儿童乙脑疫苗接种率,加强疫情监测、健康教育和防蚊灭蚊工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trend of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Huainan City of Anhui Province. Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the epidemiological data of Japanese encephalitis in Huainan were collected and analyzed. Results From 1952 to 2008, a total of 4444 cases of JE were reported in Huainan, with the incidence fluctuating between 0.14 / 105 and 58.27 / 100 000, with an average annual incidence of 1.17 / 100 000. Since 1995, the incidence rate has dropped to 1/10 Below million. Cases distributed in all the county (district), rural incidence higher than the city. The prevalence period was from June to September with the peak from July to August, accounting for 93.18% of the total cases. The majority of patients were children <10 years of age, accounting for 90.11%, of whom most of the children were scattered children. The majority of migrant children were not vaccinated with JE vaccine. Conclusions A significant decrease in the incidence of Japanese encephalitis since 1998 is related to the comprehensive prevention and control measures mainly based on the preventive vaccination of Japanese encephalitis vaccine. In the future, it is still necessary to increase the coverage of Japanese encephalitis vaccination among rural children and migrant children and to strengthen epidemic situation monitoring, health education and mosquito control Anti-mosquito work.