土地佥业为明清徽州社会经济方面的一个关键性用语。土地佥业始于元末明初,在徽州一府六县广泛实行,并于明清两代贯彻始终,为业户土地产权方面的一项基本制度。佥业与土地清丈关系十分密切。所谓佥业,即是通过土地清丈,经过官府认定,而登录于国家版籍即鱼鳞图册上的土地产业。从业户的角度来说,佥业则指经过官方认定的土地业主。至清代,田土交易亦须经过佥业认证,土地买卖也被纳入佥业制度。佥业作为民间私有土地的一种书证,在家产继承、土地买卖、土地转让以及田产诉讼等诸多方面,都展现出其特有的社会功能,表明佥业实质上具有私有土地产权认证的性质,而成为民国时期徽州土地私有产权确立的历史出发点。 Land industry is a key term in socio-economic aspects of Huizhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Land industry began in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and was widely practiced in six prefectures of Huizhou and one prefecture. It was implemented in the Ming and Qing dynasties as a basic system for land tenure of tenants. Industry and the relationship between husband and wife soil very close. The so-called industry, that is, through the land Qing Zhang, after the government finds, and registered in the national edition that is, the scale book on the land industry. From the perspective of the employer, the industry refers to the officially recognized landowners. In the Qing Dynasty, land transactions also had to be certified by the industry and the sale of land was also included in the industry system. As a kind of documentary evidence of private private land, the industry shows its unique social function in many aspects, such as inheritance of family property, sale of land, transfer of land and litigation of land, and so on. It shows that the industry has essentially the nature of private land ownership certification and Became the historical starting point of establishing the private property rights of Huizhou land during the Republic of China.