自从有限元方法引入岩体力学以后,相继发展了一系列适应岩体工程需要的分析技术,促进了岩体工程有限元方法的发展。其中邓肯(J. M. Dancan)于1963年左右提出的“释放荷载”的概念,对于岩体工程有限元分析模拟开挖效应,起到了重要作用。这一概念的基本思想是:岩体开挖所引起的应力与位移变化,是由于开挖边界应力解除的结果。岩体在地应力作用下,其位移包括两部分,一部分是开挖前的位移,一部分是 Since the introduction of the finite element method into rock mass mechanics, a series of analytical techniques have been developed to meet the needs of rock mass engineering, which has promoted the development of finite element methods for rock mass engineering. The concept of “release load” proposed by J. M. Dancan around 1963 played an important role in the finite element analysis and excavation simulation of rock mass engineering. The basic idea of ​​this concept is that the stress and displacement caused by the excavation of the rock mass are the result of the stress relief of the excavation boundary. The rock mass under the action of in-situ stress, its displacement includes two parts, one is the displacement before excavation, and the other is