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目的探讨子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EM)的临床特点。方法绝经前患妇科良性病变行腹腔镜手术患者2 864例,依据手术结果分为EM组977例与非EM组1 887例,分析2组临床表现及体征、实验室检查结果。结果与非EM组比较,EM组患者月经初潮年龄早、周期短、经量多、经期长,痛经、不孕及血清糖链抗原125(carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125)阳性率高(P<0.05);EM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者痛经发生率及CA125阳性率高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,不孕及自然流产发生率低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者(P<0.05);有EM手术史者多合并子宫腺肌病;EM分期Ⅳ期者42.6%伴触痛结节。结论月经初潮年龄早、周期短、经期长、痛经为EM易患因素,月经周期长、产次多为EM的保护因素。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of endometriosis (EM). Methods A total of 2 864 patients undergoing preoperative laparoscopic gynecological benign preoperative gynecological diseases were divided into EM group (977 cases) and non-EM group (1 887 cases). The clinical manifestations, signs and laboratory findings of the two groups were analyzed. Results Compared with non-EM group, the positive rate of early menstrual flow in EM group was shorter, menstrual cycle, menstrual period, dysmenorrhea, infertility and serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) were higher (P <0.05) ; The incidence of dysmenorrhea and the positive rate of CA125 in patients with stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ EM were higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the incidence of infertility and spontaneous abortion was lower than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P <0.05) Adenomyosis; EM stage Ⅳ 42.6% with tender nodules. Conclusions Early menarche age, short cycle, long menstrual period, dysmenorrhea EM risk factors, long menstrual cycle, production times and more for the protection of EM.