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1856年10月,英国以“亚罗号”事件为借口,派海军上将西马糜各厘(AdmiralSeymour)率领英军进攻广州,揭开第二次鸦片战争的序幕。次年12月,英国伙同法国组成侵略联军,再度进犯广州,并于12月31日,完全占领广州并俘虏了广东巡抚柏贵和广州将军穆克德纳。英法联军攻陷广州后,于1858年1月成立“占领委员会”,作为统治广州的幕后机构。该委员会对近代广州地方史以及中
In October 1856, on the pretext of the “Arroos” incident, the United Kingdom sent Admiral Seymour to LinkedIn troops to attack Guangzhou and unveil the Second Opium War. In December the following year, the United Kingdom together with France formed an invading coalition and entered Guangzhou again. On December 31, it completely occupied Guangzhou and captured the Guangdong governor Bai Bai and Guangzhou General Mukdena. After the Anglo-French coalition forces captured Canton, in January 1858 the “Occupation Commission” was established as a behind-the-scenes agency that ruled Guangzhou. The Commission on the modern history of Guangzhou and China