在近20年来中国考古界讨论的若干考古学论题中,文明起源的探讨是其中最重要的一个,众多学者或多或少、或深或浅地涉及了这一问题~([1])。这之中,无论是从文明的物化形态(简单的做法就是将文明归结为诸项要素,如城市、文字、青铜器等)进行对应分析,还是引进国外“游团—部落—酋邦—国家”的社会发展和演化的模式,拟或是由中国商周时代的社会结构上推,利用具有中国特色的“家族—宗族”理论来 Among the several archeological topics discussed by Chinese archeology in the past two decades, the study of the origins of civilization is the most important one among them. Many scholars have covered this issue more or less profoundly or shallowly [1]. Among them, whether it is from the materialized form of civilization (simple way is to attribute civilization to various elements, such as cities, texts, bronzes, etc.) to conduct a corresponding analysis, or the introduction of foreign “tour groups - Tribal - Chief Executive States - ”Social development and evolution of the model, intended or by China’s Shang and Zhou Dynasties of the social structure on the push, the use of Chinese characteristics with the“ family - clan ”theory to