“中央研究院研究提高民族素质案”是中国人类学史上著名的学科事件。通过对这一事件档案的发掘和研究,共获得三点结论。第一,这一学科公案背景是:南京沦陷后,国民政府迁至西南中国边垂地区,为了解决战争资源,蒋介石饬令开展此项研究。第二,其内容包括生物基础、营养环境、文化环境和地理环境4个方面,涉及诸多学科和当时国民政府行政部门、军事部门、高等院校和各学术研究机关,在中国人类学史上是空前的。第三,中央研究院体质人类学研究所筹备处应运而生,但在艰难时局下,由于经费不足等诸多原因,使得运作了两年的研究所最终流产。 “Research of the Central Research Institute to Improve the Quality of National Qualities ” is a well-known academic event in the history of Chinese anthropology. Through the excavation and research of this incident file, we can get three conclusions. First, the background of this disciplinary case is: After the fall of Nanjing, the National Government moved to the south-west China’s Changbian area. In order to solve the war resources, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the study to be conducted. Second, its contents include biological basis, nutritional environment, cultural environment and geographical environment. It involves many disciplines and the administrative departments of the Kuomintang government, military departments, universities and academic research institutions at the time. It is unprecedented in the history of Chinese anthropology of. Third, the Preparatory Office of the Institute of Physical Anthropology at the Academia Sinica came into being, but under the difficult situation, due to lack of funds and many other reasons, the two-year-old Institute eventually aborted.