Objective. An association between polymorphism in the gene coding for the anti- inflammatory cytokine interleukin- 1- receptor antagonist (IL- 1Ra) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported. To date, there is no report from India confirming this association. In the present study the aim was to assess the allele frequencies and carriage rates of different alleles of 86 bp (base pair) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2 of the IL- 1Ra gene in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls from northern India. Material and methods. Eighty- two patients with UC, 21 with Crohn’ s disease (CD) and 141 ethnically matched controls were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was done using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the intron- 2 fragment harboring a VNTR nucleotide sequence. The PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gel. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi- squared (χ 2) test. Results. The frequencies of allele 2 in UC, CD and healthy controls were 26% , 50% and 24% , respectively. The frequency of allele 2 in CD was higher than that in UC (p = 0.002; OR = 2.9) and healthy controls (p = 0.001; OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.5- 6.3). Alleles 3 and 4 were absent in patients with CD, while allele 5 was absent in all three groups. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated an association between allele 2 and patients with CD but not with UC. Interestingly, the allele frequency and carriage rates of allele 2 were significantly higher in patients with CD than in patients with UC and in healthy subjects. Ethnic differences, genetic heterogeneity and sample size could be the reasons for such differences in comparison with studies from the West. Objective. An association between polymorphism in the gene coding for the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported. To date, there is no report from India confirming this association. In the present study to the present was to assess the allele frequencies and carriage rates of different alleles of 86 bp (base pair) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) intron 2 of the IL-1Ra gene in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and healthy controls from northern India. Material and methods. Eighty-two patients with UC, 21 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 141 ethnically matched controls were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was done using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification The PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gel. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi- squared (χ 2) test. Results. The frequencies of allele 2 in UC , The frequency of allele 2 in CD was higher than that in UC (p = 0.002; OR = 2.9) and healthy controls (p = 0.001; OR = 3.1 ; 95% CI = 1.5- 6.3). Alleles 3 and 4 were absent in patients with CD, while allele 5 was absent in all three groups. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated an association between allele 2 and patients with CD but not with UC Interestingly, the allele frequency and carriage rates of allele 2 were significantly higher in patients with CD than in patients with UC and in healthy subjects. West.