本文对38例各型急性白血病患儿进行168次脑脊液细胞学检查,病例和标本阳性率分别为50%和40.2%。认为脑脊液细胞学检查对于小儿中枢神经系统白血病的诊断是敏感可靠的客观指标,优于脑脊液蛋白量和细胞总数检查。脑脊波中白血病细胞可以在治疗的各期发现,以缓解期多见,该项检查对于小儿中枢神经系统白血病的早期诊断、预后判断、治疗监护方面有实用价值。 In this paper, 38 cases of children with acute leukemia for 168 cerebrospinal fluid cytology, the positive rate of cases and specimens were 50% and 40.2%. CSF cytology is considered as a sensitive and reliable objective indicator for the diagnosis of children with central nervous system leukemia and is superior to cerebrospinal fluid protein quantity and total cell number examination. Cerebrospinal waves in leukemia cells can be found in various stages of treatment, to remission more common, the examination for early diagnosis of children with central nervous system leukemia, prognosis, treatment and monitoring of practical value.