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目的调查甘肃山丘型黑热病流行区人群及家养动物利什曼原虫感染与流行现状。方法选择山丘型黑热病流行区甘肃省宕昌县行政村,通过入户问卷调查及血样巢式PCR检测,调查当地人群及家养动物利什曼原虫感染现状,应用IBM SPSS21.0及SAS9.3对黑热病相关影响因素进行统计分析。结果共调查当地居民215人,家犬40只,驴、羊、马等家畜共计35头。人群血样利什曼原虫巢式PCR检测阳性率为22.74%(49/215),犬血样阳性率为22.54%(9/40),驴和马各有一匹阳性。单因素分析劳动年龄人口分组、是否养犬、是否有畜圈、夏秋季是否使用蚊帐、夏秋季晚间户外活动频率不同的人群组间巢式PCR阳性率有统计学差异(P<0.05);多因素分析劳动年龄人口分组与夏秋季晚间户外活动频率纳入多因素回归模型。结论甘肃省宕昌县山丘型黑热病流行区存在大量无症状感染人群,也存在家畜利什曼原虫感染。当地非劳动年龄人口(儿童、老年人)感染率较高,夏秋季晚间户外活动频繁是感染利什曼原虫的危险因素。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and prevalence of Leishmania in domesticated endemic areas in endemic areas of Gansu Province. Methods The endemic area of hill-shaped kala-azar was selected as the administrative village in Dangchang County, Gansu Province. The prevalence of Leishmania infection in the local population and domesticated animals was investigated by household questionnaire and nested PCR, using IBM SPSS21.0 and SAS9.3 The related factors of kala-azar were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 215 local residents surveyed, 40 dogs, donkeys, sheep, horses and other livestock a total of 35 heads. The positive rate of blood samples of Leishmania neoformans was 22.74% (49/215). The positive rate of canine blood samples was 22.54% (9/40). There was one positive for donkey and horse. The positive rates of nested PCR between the groups with different outdoor activities in summer and autumn were statistically different (P <0.05) by univariate analysis of working age population groups, whether dogs were raised, whether there were livestock pens, whether mosquito nets were used in summer or autumn. Multivariate analysis included labor age population grouping and summer and autumn evening outdoor activities frequency into multivariate regression model. Conclusion There are a large number of asymptomatic infection in endemic area of hill-type kala-azar in Dangchang County, Gansu Province, and there is also Leishmania domestica infection. The prevalence of non-working-age population (children and the elderly) in the local area is high, and frequent outdoor activities in summer and autumn are risk factors for Leishmania infection.