The title compound belongs to monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 5.2694(1),b = 12.6659(4), c = 19.4108(2) (A),β = 91.504(2)°, V = 1295.06(5) (A)3, Z = 4 and Dc= 5.599 g/cm3.The structure of BaGd2(MoO4)4 contains a MoO4 tetrahedron, a distorted GdO8 polyhedron, and Ba2+ ions in a tenfold coordination. The GdO8 polyhedra are linked together through edge-sharing to give a two-dimensional Gd layer. The MoO4 tetrahedra connected to the Gd atoms are capped up and down the Gd layer through common oxygen apices, thus forming a new Gd-Mo layer. Finally,the Gd-Mo layers are held together through bridging BaO10 polyhedra to form a three-dimensional framework. Since the Ba-μ3-O bond has a large average distance of 2.888 (A), this structural characteristic will result in a cleavage along the (001) plane.