Axis body fractures happen in the region that lies below the odontoid process and between the pars interarticularis of each side. These fractures embrace fractures of the axis body, pedicle, superior articulating process ( lateral mass ), and transverse foramen. Unlike odontoid fractures and Hangman’s fractures, axis body fractures are more uncommon and more complicated, so that the treatment remains challenging. Conservative treatment is currently suggested as primary therapy for axis body fractures according to previous studies. But with the progress of surgical techniques and instruments, the recent literature reports some successful surgical treatment cases of axis body fractures. This article will review the research progress of the clinical features and current treatment strategies of axis body fractures.