科学选材已成为制约竞技运动技术水平提高的三大要素之一。作者对在少年儿童阶段 ,怎样选出好的优秀游泳后备人才进行了探讨。提出在少年儿童选材时 ,必须依据生长发育规律 ,紧密把握住组成人体运动能力的基本因素 ,并通过科学训练充分挖掘人体运动的潜在能力。 Scientific material selection has become one of the three major factors restricting the improvement of the technical level of competitive sports. The author explores how to select a good pool of reserve talents during the period of children and adolescents. It is suggested that the selection of children and adolescents must be based on the law of growth and development, to grasp the basic factors that make up the human body’s ability to exercise and to fully exploit the potential of human body’s exercise through scientific training.