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目的研究银杏Ginkgo biloba根皮的化学成分。方法采用多种柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从银杏根皮中分离得到13个化合物,其中脂肪酸类4个:棕榈酸(1)、硬脂酸(2)、山嵛酸(3)、木蜡酸(4);脂肪醇类1个:正二十七烷醇(5);甾体类2个:β-谷甾醇(6)、胡萝卜苷(7);黄酮类2个:芫花素(8)、芹菜素(9);萜内酯类4个:白果内酯(10)、银杏内酯A(11)、银杏内酯B(12)、银杏内酯C(13)。结论化合物1～9为首次从银杏根皮中分离得到,其中化合物3～5为首次从该植物中分离得到,该研究为银杏根皮资源的综合利用奠定了基础。
Objective To study the chemical composition of the root bark of Ginkgo biloba. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by a variety of column chromatography. The structures of compounds were identified by physico-chemical constants and spectral analysis. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated from the root bark of Ginkgo biloba, including 4 fatty acids: palmitic acid (1), stearic acid (2), behenic acid (3), lignoceric acid : N-Heptacosanol (5); steroid 2: β-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7); flavonoids 2: genkwanin (8) 4 lactones: bilobalide (10), ginkgolide A (11), ginkgolide B (12), ginkgolide C (13). Conclusion Compounds 1 to 9 were isolated from the root bark of Ginkgo biloba for the first time. Among them, compounds 3 to 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This study laid the foundation for comprehensive utilization of bark ginkgo bark.