重金属在自然界中不易被降解,而是长期滞留在环境中,并可通过食物链等方式进入人体,经过生物放大、蓄积等作用,对人体健康造成危害。虽然某些重金属是人体必需的微量元素,但如果被大量摄入或长期低剂量暴露,超过人体所能耐受的限度后,即可造成严重的生理损害,引发多种疾病。例如铅中毒会引起恶心、腰痛、水肿、蛋白尿、血尿甚至产生肾衰竭。因此,对人体微量元素摄入的主要途径之一的食品进行重金属检测,是确保人体健康、食品安全的有效措施。 Heavy metals are not easily degraded in nature, but remain in the environment for a long time. They can enter the human body through the food chain and other ways and cause harm to human health through biological amplification and accumulation. Although some heavy metals are essential trace elements for the body, severe exposure to various diseases can result from serious intake of long-term, low-dose exposures exceeding the limits of the human body’s tolerance. For example lead poisoning can cause nausea, back pain, edema, proteinuria, hematuria and even kidney failure. Therefore, the detection of heavy metals in food, one of the main ways of human trace element intake, is an effective measure to ensure human health and food safety.