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司马迁笔下的历史人物,在面临生死抉择之际,都有不同的追求,不同的态度。他们当中有的选择忍辱求生,有的选择自杀,有的则贪图长生不死。在司马迁笔下,记录更多的是选择自杀的人物。然而,他们就死的原因都不一样,并且他们的选择往往与身份有密切的关系。在《史记》里,诸侯王懦弱、无可奈何而弃生就死的形象,跃然于纸上。从死亡美学的意义上而论,类似这样的自杀,并未体现生命的价值美,更无探讨之必要,然而其背后隐藏的政治社会因素,却是一个重要的议题。可以说,探讨诸侯王之死因,是了解专制主义制度的一扇有利窗口。本文相信,诸侯王赴死,虽然存在自身过失这个原因,但其实司马迁有意揭露诸侯王之死因,与其和门客(或游侠)、商贾(或富豪)形成一种令专制主义者寝食难安的离心力量有关。
Sima Qian’s historical figures, written in the face of life and death choices, have different pursuits, different attitudes. Some of them choose to live in shame, choose to commit suicide, while others seek to live forever. In the Sima Qian write, the record is more committed suicide characters. However, they die for different reasons, and their choices tend to be closely related to their identities. In the “Historical Records”, vassal king cowardly, helplessly give up the image of death, vividly in the paper. From the perspective of death aesthetics, suicide such as this does not reflect the beauty of the value of life nor is it necessary to explore it. However, the political and social factors hidden behind it are an important issue. It can be said that exploring the cause of death of princes is a favorable window for understanding the autocratic system. This article believes that the death of lord king, although there is the fault of their own reasons, but in fact Sima Qian deliberately exposed the cause of the death of the princes, and its doormen (or rangers), merchants (or rich) Power related.