通过对４９例周围神经损伤漏误诊原因的总结分析，发现在基层医院中周围神经损伤漏误诊率高。漏误诊病例中开放性损伤４２例，闭合性损伤７例，就诊时均有明显周围神经损伤的病史和体征。认为漏诊的主要原因可能与专业知识水平，病史、体查不仔细等有关。周围神经损伤并有中枢神经损伤，肩关节半脱位时要注意鉴别诊断。 Through the analysis of the causes of misdiagnosis of 49 cases of peripheral nerve injury, it is found that the rate of misdiagnosis of peripheral nerve injury in primary hospitals is high. Drainage misdiagnosed cases of open injury in 42 cases, closed injury in 7 cases, the diagnosis of obvious peripheral nerve injury history and signs. The main reason for misdiagnosis may be related to the level of professional knowledge, medical history, physical examination and so on. Peripheral nerve injury and central nervous system injury, shoulder dislocation should pay attention to the differential diagnosis.