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第二次世界大战之后,IgE依赖性过敏性疾病的发生呈稳步上升趋势,在人类发展史上,这种现象是很罕见的。许多大规模横断面研究、纵向队列研究及基础实验性研究均指出,在生活方式及生活环境的重大演变过程中人类的一些与过敏相关的“保护性因素”正逐渐消失。其中被广泛认可的观念是:肠道微生态在免疫调节方面扮演着重要角色。本文综述了暴露在不同微生物组成的农场环境对过敏性疾病的保护作用。此外,传统生活环境中的微生物如何促进儿童免疫系统的正常发育,以及此种相互作用在现代生活方式下的不可逆性缺失同样被阐明。“农场效应”的保护作用主要包括:母亲怀孕期间或婴儿期接触动物、谷仓、马厩,饮用未加工的牛奶和其他奶制品。除农场环境中的微生物总量之外,微生物的生物多样性似乎对于这种保护也至关重要,这可能归因于农场环境对机体肠道菌群生物多样性的贡献。过敏性疾病专科医生和儿科医生临床应用传统益生菌(如乳杆菌和双岐杆菌)对过敏性疾病的预防作用并未达到满意的预期效果。小鼠呼吸道过敏性疾病模型研究表明,牛棚中存在着对过敏性疾病起重要预防作用的微生物,如鲁氏不动杆菌(A.lwoffii)F78、乳酸乳球菌(L.lactis)G121和松鼠葡萄球菌(S.sciuri)W620。然而,在对农场环境的卓有成效的研究基础上,研发新一代益生菌仍需要微生物学家、免疫学家和生物工程师以及儿科医生、过敏性疾病专科医生、临床试验专家和伦理委员会之间的密切合作。
After World War II, IgE-dependent allergic diseases showed a steady upward trend, which is rare in the history of human development. Many large-scale cross-sectional studies, longitudinal cohort studies and basic experimental studies have pointed out that some “allergic-related” protective factors “of human beings are gradually disappearing during the major evolution of lifestyles and living environments. Among the widely accepted notions are that gut microbiology plays an important role in immune regulation. This article reviews the protective effects of allergic diseases on farm environments exposed to different microorganisms. In addition, how microbes in traditional living environments promote the normal development of the child’s immune system, and the irreversible loss of such interactions in modern lifestyles, are likewise elucidated. The ”farm effect" protection mainly includes: mothers during pregnancy or infancy contact with animals, barns, stables, raw milk and other dairy products. In addition to the total amount of microorganisms in the farm environment, it seems that the biodiversity of the micro-organisms is also crucial for this protection, possibly due to the contribution of the farm environment to the biodiversity of the intestinal flora in the body. Allergic diseases Specialist physicians and pediatricians Clinical applications Probiotics (such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) prevent allergic diseases did not achieve the desired effect of the desired effect. Studies on a mouse model of allergic airway disease have shown that there are microorganisms that are important prophylactic against allergic diseases such as A. lwoffii F78, L. lactis G121 and squirrel Staphylococcus aureus (S. sciuri) W620. However, developing a new generation of probiotics still requires close alignment between microbiologists, immunologists and bioengineers, as well as pediatricians, allergist specialists, clinical trial specialists and ethics committees, based on fruitful research on farm settings Cooperation.