流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑),是由脑膜炎双球菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病。主要临床表现为起病急、突然发热、头痛、呕吐、皮肤粘膜有淤斑或淤点、颈项强直等。一、病原学脑膜炎双球菌为革兰氏染色阴性杆菌,成肾形,多成对排列,常位于细胞内,在人体内菌体裂解后释放内毒素,有较强的致病力。对外界抵抗力弱,阳光、干燥、寒冷及常用消毒剂都能将其杀死。 Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (referred to as meningitis), is caused by meningococcus pneumoniae of acute respiratory disease. The main clinical manifestations of acute onset, sudden fever, headache, vomiting, mucocutaneous ecchymosis or ecchymosis, neck stiffness and so on. First, the etiology of meningococcus is Gram-negative bacilli, kidney-shaped, arranged in pairs, often located in cells, the release of endotoxin in the body after bacterial lysis, a strong virulence. Weak resistance to the outside world, the sun, dry, cold and common disinfectants can kill it.