有学者对我国广西巴马地区(被誉为世界第五个长寿村)和日本山梨县冈原村(以长寿闻名)长寿老人的调查发现,老人肠道中的双歧杆菌数量和检出率均与20～40岁年轻人相仿。进一步调查发现,两地居民长寿与其饮食结构有关。我国广西巴马老人的饮食以素食为主,其间有荤食,主食是玉米。其饮食特点是:四低两高,即低脂肪、低动物蛋白、低盐、低热量、高维生素、高纤维素。日本山梨县冈原村老人的饮食则以麦或大豆等杂谷类、马铃薯 Some scholars on China’s Bama region in Guangxi (known as the world’s fifth longevity village) and Japan’s Yamanashi Prefecture Okamoto village (known as longevity) elderly survey found that the elderly intestinal bifidobacteria in the number and the detection rate are 20 to 40-year-old young people similar. Further investigation found that longevity of residents in both places is related to their diet. China’s Guangxi Bama elderly diet mainly vegetarian, during which meat and food, the staple food is corn. Its diet features are: four low and two high, that is, low fat, low animal protein, low salt, low calorie, high vitamins, high fiber. Okayama, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, the elderly eating wheat or soy and other miscellaneous cereals, potatoes