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人的嗅觉系统由嗅粘膜(位于鼻腔上1/3处)、嗅神经(位于嗅区粘膜内约20条)、嗅束和嗅球(位于筛板以上额叶)以及嗅中枢(位于颞叶海马回沟)四部分所构成。人的嗅觉是鼻腔主要生理功能之一。进食时能使人们精力集中,注意菜肴,增进食欲,辅助消化;平时或战时对机体有重要的防护作用,司机或仪器操作及维修人员可闻到异常气味,早期发现故障,防止意外事故发生。人的嗅觉产生必须具备三个条件,即嗅素(嗅刺激素,能散发气味的物质)、气流(即能把嗅素带入鼻腔嗅区的呼吸气流)以及健康的嗅粘膜和嗅神经系统。人类的嗅觉能辨别2000～4000种不同的气味。人的嗅闻(嗅觉灵敏度)变化甚大,受性别、年龄、环境、气候(温度及湿度)、注意力、食品以及适应性等
The human olfactory system consists of the olfactory mucosa (located in the upper third of the nasal cavity), the olfactory nerve (about 20 in the mucosa of the olfactory area), the olfactory tract and the olfactory bulb (above the frontal lamina), and the olfactory central hippocampus Back groove) formed by the four parts. Human’s sense of smell is one of the major physiological functions of the nasal cavity. When eating can make people concentrate, pay attention to dishes, increase appetite, aid digestion; usually or wartime have an important protective effect on the body, drivers or equipment operators and maintenance personnel can smell abnormal odor, early detection of failure to prevent accidents . Human olfactory must have three conditions, namely, smell (smell stimulating hormone, substances that can smell), airflow (that can bring the smell of oxygen in the nasal olfactory breathing area), and healthy olfactory mucosa and olfactory nervous system . Human scent can distinguish 2000 ~ 4000 kinds of different scents. People’s smell (smell sensitivity) varies greatly, depending on gender, age, environment, climate (temperature and humidity), attention, food and adaptability, etc.