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元世祖忽必烈即位之前,大蒙古国曾经进行了三次大规模西征,即13世纪20年代成吉思汗发起的远征中亚、伊朗、北高加索地区与伏尔加河流域的战争;13世纪30—40年代的元太宗朝,诸王拔都领导的远征欧亚草原与东欧地区的战事;以及13世纪50年代元宪宗蒙哥即位后,旭烈兀率领下的蒙古军消灭阿拉伯阿拔斯王朝(即我国史籍中的“黑衣大食”)的军事行动。其中第二次西征我国蒙元史学界多称为“拔都西征”或“长子西征”。那么,除了最终决定蒙古诸王、驸马与贵族均以长子及其附属人口参加出征之外,蒙古西征的背景是什么?在决策西征时还讨论了哪些问题?这是本文希望探求的内容。
Before Kublai Khan succeeded the throne, the great Mongol Empire once conducted three large-scale expeditions, namely the wars that were launched by Genghis Khan in the 1320s and expeditionary to Central Asia, Iran, the North Caucasus and the Volga Basin; from the 1340s to the 1340s Of the Yuan Taizong DPRK, the king pull all lead the expeditions of the grasslands in Europe and Asia and the war in Eastern Europe; and the late 1350s Masanori monopoly ascended the throne, the Mongol troops led by Xu Lie Wu Destroy the Arab Abbasid dynasty (ie China’s historical records in the “Black Food ”) military operations. Among them, the second expedition to the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty’s academic circle is called “Pudu West Syndrome” or “Eldest West”. What is the background of Mongolia’s expedition, except for the final decision on the participation of the kings and gens of Mongolia and their aristocrats in the eldest son and their appendages? What are the issues discussed during the decision-making exile? This is the content of this article .