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要讲述海外建筑业进入日本,首先有必要讲一下日本的建筑产业界。恐怕无论在哪一个国家,建筑业都是一种内需型产业。当然在今天,日本的建筑业对打入国际市场甚为积极,有相当的与论认为基于国际性视野,建筑产业也应发展。但是,这种看法也是以这十年间日本建设的需要停滞为背景的,通过战后的高度成长期,日本建筑产业的国际性已不成问题了。一、日本的建筑产业界 (一)石油冲击之前日本建筑产业界的状况极为复杂,一言难尽。这一点也是被美国批评为非关税壁垒的一个原因。日本的建筑就业人数现在为530万人,这个数字相当于日本总就业人数的约10％。建设投资额每年约为50兆日元。相当于国民生产总值(GNp)约300兆日元中的二成,确实是支主干产业。遭遇战争灾难的国土,经40年的建设,已变成今天的繁荣多姿。
To describe the overseas construction industry entering Japan, it is first necessary to talk about the Japanese construction industry. I am afraid that in any country, the construction industry is a domestic demand industry. Of course, today, the construction industry in Japan is very active in entering the international market. There is considerable consensus that the construction industry should also develop based on an international perspective. However, this view is also based on the stagnant needs of Japan’s construction during the decade. Through the post-war high growth period, the international nature of Japan’s construction industry is no longer a problem. I. Japan’s Construction Industry (I) Before the oil shock, the status of the Japanese construction industry was extremely complex and difficult to say. This is also one of the reasons why the United States has criticized it as a non-tariff barrier. The number of construction workers in Japan is now 5.3 million, which is equivalent to about 10% of Japan’s total employment. The amount of construction investment is about 50 trillion yen per year. The equivalent of 20% of the gross national product (GNp) of about 300 trillion yen is indeed the main industry. After 40 years of construction, the country that has experienced war disasters has become a prosperous place today.