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目的:为苦豆子和苦马豆种子识别、清选精选及直播栽培提供依据。方法:测定苦豆子和苦马豆种子物理特性、硬实特性、休眠破除方法及萌发特性。结果:两种豆类形状、颜色、表面状态差异显著,苦豆子种子净度、健壮度、长度、宽度、厚度、容重和千粒重极显著高于苦马豆种子;两种豆类种子含水量很低,硬实率很高,比重无显著差异;在干净的两种豆类种子中,硬实种子和非硬实种子同时存在;破除苦豆子和苦马豆硬实的最佳措施是:90%的H2SO4处理70 min和35 min;破除硬实的两种豆类种子在适宜的条件下萌发,物质转化效率达到了77.94%和67.77%,苦豆子种子开始萌发时间为21 h,最低萌发需水量为151.05%,32 h达最大发芽值;苦马豆种子开始萌发时间为18 h,萌发最低需水量为193.51%,40 h达最大发芽值。结论:了解苦豆子和苦马豆的种子特性,为其播种栽培提供依据。
OBJECTIVE: To provide the basis for seed identification, selection and direct seeding cultivation of Sophora alopecuroides and Vicia faba. Methods: The physical properties, hardwood characteristics, dormancy elimination methods and germination characteristics of Sophora alopecuroids and Vicia faba were determined. Results: The shape, color and surface state of the two legumes were significantly different. The clarity, robustness, length, width, thickness, bulk density and 1000-grain weight of Sophora alopecuroides seeds were significantly higher than those of Sophora japonica seeds. Low, high rate of hard solid, the proportion of no significant difference; in two clean seeds of seeds, hard seeds and non-hard seeds exist; get rid of the Sophora flavescens and Sophora japonica hard the best measure is: 90% H2SO4 treatment 70 min and 35 min, respectively. The germination of two kinds of legume seeds, which germinated under suitable conditions, reached 77.94% and 67.77%, the seed germination time was 21 h and the minimum germination water requirement was 151.05% The germination time was 18 h, the minimum water requirement for germination was 193.51%, and reached the maximum germination value at 40 h. Conclusion: To understand the characters of Sophora alopecuroides and Sophora japonica, provide the basis for its sowing and cultivation.