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麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus)枯萎病是最近在福建省南平发现的一种新病害。经分离培养、接种试验,鉴定其病原菌有性阶段为鲜红丛赤壳茵(Nectriaditissima),无性阶段为半裸镰孢霉(Fusarium semitectum)。 病菌在PDA加10％麻竹杆煮汁培养基上生长良好,培养5—7天产生大量梭形的大型分生孢子,未发现厚垣孢子与形成子囊壳。菌丝生长与孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,最适的相对湿度为96.1％,最适的PH值为5—6。 试验证明,枯萎病菌平时在土壤中营腐生活,在麻竹遭受严重冻害后,病菌借雨水传播,从病竹杆基竹节伤口侵入。病害于3月中旬开始发病,4月中旬霉雨季节为发病高峰期,5月停止蔓延。在前作物蔬菜地的低洼林地发病严重。严重的冻害是诱导病害发生的主要因素。选择阳坡通风林地,选用抗冻品系,加强抚育管理,是防病的根本措施。
Fusarium wilt (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) is a new disease recently found in Nanping, Fujian Province. After isolation, culture and inoculation experiments, the sexual stage of the pathogen was identified as Nectriaditissima and the asexual stage was Fusarium semitectum. The germs grew well on PDA plus 10% bamboo shoots broth juice. After culturing for 5-7 days, a large number of fusiform large conidia were produced, and no chlamydospores and ascochyma were found. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and spore germination was 25 ℃, the optimum relative humidity was 96.1% and the optimum pH value was 5-6. Tests show that Fusarium wilt living in the soil camping life, suffering from severe damage in the bamboo, the bacteria spread by rain, from bamboo sick bamboo stem wound intrusion. Disease onset began in mid-March, the mid-April moldy season peak incidence, in May to stop the spread. The low-lying forest in the former crop vegetable fields is severely ill. Severe frost damage is the main factor inducing disease. Select sunny slope ventilation woodland, the selection of antifreeze strains, to strengthen the management of tending, is the fundamental prevention measures.