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通过3年大田定位试验,研究了旋耕、深松、翻耕、免耕4种耕法与有机肥、秸秆、化肥3种培肥措施组合对华北平原麦玉两熟区作物产量的影响。结果表明:同一种耕法连续实施3年,小麦产量表现为翻耕>深松>旋耕>免耕、玉米为旋耕>深松>免耕>翻耕;第2年开始玉米季全改为免耕后,小麦季深松-玉米季免耕处理的小麦和玉米产量均表现最高;第2年开始两季全为免耕后,小麦产量最高是深松1年后免耕2年处理、玉米则是旋耕1年后免耕2年的处理产量最高;连续3年免耕和后2年连续免耕的处理不利于冬小麦产量的提高,甚至出现减产的现象,而对玉米产量的影响不大或者能够增加产量;培肥措施对作物产量的影响表现趋势一致,3年平均产量均为有机肥>秸秆>化肥。综合来看,华北平原保障周年作物稳定高产的适合耕法与培肥措施组合是小麦季深松-玉米季免耕、配合有机肥处理,其产量可比当前普遍应用的旋免模式高出10.6%。
Through three years of field experiment, the effects of three tillage methods including tillage, subsoiling, tillage and no-tillage, and combinations of manure, straw and chemical fertilizers on crop yield in wheat-wheat two-cropping area in North China Plain were studied. The results showed that: the same tillage method was implemented continuously for 3 years, the yield of wheat showed that tillage> subsoiling> tillage> no tillage, maize for tillage> subsoiling> no tillage> tillage; After no-tillage, the yield of wheat and maize with no-tillage treatments during the summer wheat season was the highest, while that after tillage was no-tillage in the second year. The highest wheat yield was followed by no-tillage for one year , While that of corn was the highest after two years of no-tillage after two years of rotary-tillage. Continuous-tillage with no-tillage for three consecutive years and continuous no-tillage for two years was not conducive to the increase of winter wheat yield and even reduced the yield of corn, Little effect or can increase the yield; The effect of fertilizing measures on the yield of crops shows the same tendency. The average output of three years is organic fertilizer> straw> chemical fertilizer. Taken together, the combination of suitable tillage and fertilization measures to ensure stable and high yield of annual crops in the North China Plain is the subsoiling tillage with maize season and the no-tillage with maize crop. The yield can be 10.6% higher than the currently used swirling mode. .