密疏,即秘密章奏,是封建王朝臣下上呈给皇帝的一种特殊文书。它有别于普通章奏,具有直达御前、皇帝亲批和高度保密的特点,不仅是皇帝避免“下情不能上达,得失无由以知”的手段,而且是君权制约相权、臣权的有力措施。明代的密疏制度更有其新的特点,既制度化,又 Secret sparse, secret seal, is a feudal dynastic minister presented to the emperor under a special instrument. It is different from the ordinary chapter, with the direct access to Imperial, the pro-approval and highly confidential features, not only the emperor to avoid “under the circumstances can not be reached, gains and losses were unable to know” means, but also the sovereign right to control the right, Powerful measures. The secret system of the Ming Dynasty has its new features, both institutionalized, and