作家作为人类灵魂的工程师，本应是人民大众的启蒙者，而２０世纪４０年代在中国革命 圣地──延安的一群作家却由启蒙者蜕变为被启蒙者。究其原因至少有三点：一是作家群对政治权威的 主动依附；二是当时文艺政策的外力推动；三是内外因的互动作用促成了作家群角色转换的最终完成。 The writer, as an engineer of human soul, should have been the enlightened person of the general public. In the 1940s, however, a group of writers in Yan’an, a revolutionary place in China, was transformed from an enlightened person to an enlightened person. There are at least three reasons for this: First, the group of writers voluntarily attached to political authority; Second, the external force of literature and art policy; Third, the interaction between internal and external causes contributed to the final completion of the role of the writer group.