序言“超大型计算机”是一个通用术语,根据各种准则,可指各种类型的机器。不过,今天,具备下列特点和能力的计算机,为数还是不多的。·机器直接访问的存储容量很大(一千万～一亿位),执行标量指令的速度很高(每秒钟执行一千万～一亿条指令)。·在字长为60位或64位浮点运算器中,进行高精度运算。·有专门的硬设备,用来加大存储器的流量,并能同时进行输入和输出。·这些机器的GPU结构中,采用流水线工作方式和予先执行的硬设备,使得计算很 The preface “supercomputer” is a generic term that, according to various guidelines, refers to all types of machines. However, today, the number of computers that have the following features and capabilities is small or small. Machine direct access to a large storage capacity (10 million to 100 million), the implementation of scalar instructions at a high speed (per second execution of 10 million to 100 million instructions). · High-precision arithmetic in a word processor of 60-bit or 64-bit floating point. · Specialized hardware to increase memory flow and allow both input and output. · The GPU architecture of these machines uses pipelined workarounds and pre-executed hardware to make calculations