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大巴山国家地质公园岩溶景观种类齐全、组成系统完整,其发育和分布受构造控制作用显著。文章探讨大巴山国家地质公园岩溶景观特征及其空间分层结构受构造控制的作用机制,发现岩溶空间形态总体呈现掀斜式强烈抬升、河流深切的亚热带中低山峡谷岩溶特点,新构造运动间歇性隆升对岩溶景观垂向发育影响较为显著。岩溶发育的空间层位划分为三个高程层级,从下至上连续分段为440~700 m,700~1 200 m,1 200~1 890m。空间分层结构反映某一阶段地壳总体处于相对稳定的时期,发育水平岩溶系统(溶洞),后期地壳发生快速抬升,出现少量竖向岩溶系统(落水洞),溶洞的分布与相应的侵蚀基准面(现代河床、各级阶地)相适应。根据发育层级推测,研究区至少经历过四次规模较大的间歇性快速抬升构造活动,各级夷平面先后受喜马拉雅运动第Ⅱ幕和第Ⅲ幕影响。喜马拉雅运动多次间歇性快速抬升过程中,丰沛的地下水和地表水下切并快速溶蚀形成多层剥蚀台地。在新构造运动相对稳定期,有充分的条件循环交替溶蚀导致垂向、水平岩溶均出现较大规模发育。
Karst landscape of Daba Mountain National Geopark is complete with complete system and its development and distribution are controlled by tectonics. In this paper, the characteristics of karst landscape and its controlling mechanism of spatial stratigraphic structure in Daba Mountain National Geopark are discussed. It is found that the spatial pattern of karst appears strongly uplifted and tilted strongly, and the karst characteristics of the middle and low subtropical canyons in the river are profound. The effect of sexual uplift on the vertical development of karst landscape is more significant. The spatial horizon of karst development is divided into three levels of elevation, which are continuous from bottom to top, which are 440-700 m, 700-1 200 m and 1200-200 m. The spatial stratification structure shows that the crust was at a relatively stable period in a certain period with a developed karst system (karst cave) and rapid uplift of the crust in the late period with a few vertical karst systems (sinkholes). The distribution of karst caves corresponded with the corresponding erosion datum (Modern riverbed, terrace at all levels) to adapt. According to the speculation of developmental stages, the study area has undergone at least four large-scale intermittent rapid uplifting tectonic activities at all levels, and the razed levels at all levels have been affected by the II and III operations of the Himalayan Movement. Himalayan movement repeated intermittently rapid lifting process, abundant groundwater and surface water cut and rapid dissolution of the formation of multi-layer erosion table. In the relatively stable period of neotectonic movement, there are sufficient conditions for alternating erosion and erosion, resulting in large-scale development of vertical and horizontal karst.