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“有效违约理论”最初源于国内法,在国际贸易领域则体现为“有效违反WTO协定理论”。本文认为,“条约必须遵守”是一项古老的习惯国际法原则,国家不能根据其自身利益和需求随意选择是否偏离国际法义务。“有效违反国际协定理论”在国际法领域既有合理性,也有危险性,国内法上的“有效违约理论”不能类推适用到国际法领域。WTO的贸易政策灵活性机制能够为成员方提供应急措施,同时也不会过度地损害到现有的契约义务,因此“有效违反WTO协定理论”不存在实践上的价值。
“Theory of effective default ” was originally derived from domestic law, in the field of international trade is reflected as “an effective violation of the WTO agreement theory ”. This article argues that “the treaty must comply” is an old principle of customary international law. The state can not arbitrarily choose whether to deviate from its obligations under international law according to its own interests and needs. “Effective violation of the theory of international agreement ” in the field of international law is both reasonable and dangerous, “effective default theory ” in domestic law can not be analogized to apply to the field of international law. The WTO’s trade policy flexibility mechanism can provide emergency measures to member parties without unduly impairing the existing contractual obligations. Therefore, there is no practical value of “effectively violating the WTO agreement theory.”