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日益严重的环境问题影响着北极土著民族因纽特人生存、安全、健康等人权问题。美国是全球碳排放最大的发达国家,但美国退出《京都议定书》,并对温室气体控制采取消极的态度,由此引发因纽特人诉美国案,这一案件在土著人权保护以及气候变化应对等问题上具有重要意义,它促进了国际社会对气候变化影响下土著民族人权问题的关注,并在美国气候变化立法阙如的情况下,以司法个案的方式从国际法层面对美国施加了影响。本文研究了该案的法律依据、诉讼请求、人权保护意义,并分析与评价了该案所提出的气候变化与土著人权保护问题的关系。
The increasingly serious environmental problems have affected the human rights issues such as the Inuit population’s survival, safety and health in the Arctic. The United States is the largest developed country in the world in terms of carbon emissions. However, the withdrawal of the United States from the “Kyoto Protocol” and its negative attitude toward the control of greenhouse gases have caused Inuit litigation in the United States. This case has been criticized in the area of protection of indigenous human rights and climate change response Which promoted the concern of the international community on the human rights issues of indigenous peoples under the influence of climate change and exerted influence on the United States from the perspective of international law in the judicial cases in the absence of the U.S. legislation on climate change. This paper studies the legal basis, litigation claims, the significance of human rights protection, and analyzes and evaluates the relationship between climate change and the protection of indigenous human rights raised in the case.