一、概述喀斯特是水与可溶性岩石(如石灰岩、白云岩、石膏等)发生溶解作用,而产生不同形状的裂縫、沟渠、洞穴、漏斗等等,这些形状就是喀斯特,形成这些形状的过程,叫做喀斯特过程。石灰岩中喀斯特产生的直接原因是由于石灰岩体与水中游离的CO_2結合变为重炭酸钙被水冲走,因而产生一些溶沟、溶洞,其化学反应方程式如下: CaCO_3+H_2O+CO_2→Ca(HCO_3)_2↓沉淀物喀斯特在地球上分布很广,我国西南各省喀斯特比較发育,而以广西自治区为最。我们在桥隧施工中,因喀斯特而引起許多困难問题,以15座大、中、小桥而雷,除三座大桥外,几乎均遇到不同程度的喀斯特现象,较为严重者有六座,有喀斯特现象者占己施工墩台 First, an overview Karst is the dissolution of water and soluble rocks (such as limestone, dolomite, gypsum, etc.), resulting in different shapes of cracks, ditches, caves, funnels, etc., these shapes are karst, the formation of these shapes, called Karst process. The direct cause of karst in limestone is that limestone body combines with free CO_2 in water into calcium carbonate to be washed away by water, resulting in some karst caves. The chemical reaction equation is as follows: CaCO 3 + H 2 O + CO 2 → Ca (HCO 3 ) _2 ↓ sediments Karst distribution on Earth is very wide, relatively developed karst provinces in Southwest China, Guangxi Autonomous Region to the most. In the construction of bridges and tunnels, many difficulties arose due to karst. With 15 large, medium and small bridges, except for the three large bridges, almost all encountered different degrees of karst phenomena. In the more serious cases, there were six, There Karst phenomenon accounted for their own construction pier