油气价格始终居高不下,这增大了经营者将资产最大化的机遇。在目前市场条件下,从前被视为边际油田的油藏也能获得满意的投资回报率,生产者继续考虑对其进行完井开发。许多低渗透地层需要在完井阶段通过压裂增产措施达到经济产量。2004年下半年,该行业引入一种新的增产技术,为油气经营者提供了既可控制成本增产又可达到多层压裂增产的方法。2004年底,这种新方法得到美国、加拿大和澳大利亚油气生产者的肯定,为在1口井内1天实现多产层射孔和压裂提供了机遇。这项技术是在连续油管上安装水力喷射装置以冲蚀射孔,然后从连续油管和套管环形空间注入压裂液。在压裂完成阶段,将少量高浓度支撑剂泥浆打入井筒,把压裂段和其后的各目标段隔离。重复该操作程序(射孔、增注、封隔)直到所有预定区段都处理完毕为止。增产处理全部结束后,用连续油管清理油井并开始生产。如果需要,可以通过连续油管泵注氮气防止回流。本文描述了采用多级射孔和压裂新技术的操作方法、优势和局限性,并附有油田应用实例。 Oil and gas prices remain high, which increases the opportunity for managers to maximize their assets. Under the current market conditions, reservoirs previously considered marginal oil fields can also obtain satisfactory ROI, and producers continue to consider their completion. Many low permeability formations require economic productivity through fracturing stimulation during the completion phase. In the second half of 2004, the industry introduced a new stimulation technology that provides oil and gas operators with a way to control both cost increases and multi-layer fracturing stimulation. This new approach, acknowledged by oil and gas producers in the United States, Canada and Australia at the end of 2004, offers an opportunity to achieve multi-layer perforation and fracturing within one day in a single well. The technique involves installing a hydraulic jet on a coiled tubing to flush the perforations and injecting fracturing fluid from coiled tubing and casing annulus. At the completion of fracturing, a small amount of high-concentration proppant slurry is driven into the wellbore to isolate the fracturing zone and subsequent target zones. Repeat this procedure (perforating, adding, sealing) until all the scheduled sections are processed. After the stimulation is over, the coiled tubing is used to clean the well and begin production. If necessary, pump the nitrogen through a coiled tubing to prevent backflow. This article describes the operational methods, advantages and limitations of a new multi-stage perforating and fracturing technology, with examples of applications in the field.