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对于隐喻的研究距今已有两千多年的历史了,但是传统隐喻研究只是局限于修辞学领域,认为隐喻是语言的一种修饰性的附加成分,是正常语言规则的一种偏离。随着西方哲学的语言学转向,人们对隐喻的认识不断加深。George Lakoff和Mark Johnson的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书提到隐喻无所不在,这本书的出版标志着认知观隐喻研究的全面开始。在研究者看来,隐喻不再仅仅是一种语言现象,更重要的是它是人类一种普遍的思维方式和认知手段。隐喻蕴含着丰富的文化内涵,在隐喻的翻译过程中不仅要考虑具体语境,还要注意两种不同语言间文化的差异,以免造成失误。
The study of metaphor has been more than two thousand years ago, but the study of traditional metaphor is only limited to the field of rhetoric. Metaphor is regarded as a modification of language and is a deviation of normal language rules. With the linguistic turn of western philosophy, people’s understanding of metaphor deepens. The metaphor of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s Metaphors We Survive mentions is ubiquitous. The publication of this book marks the full start of the study of cognitive metaphor. In the view of researchers, metaphor is no longer just a linguistic phenomenon, but more importantly, it is a universal human way of thinking and cognitive means. Metaphor contains rich cultural connotations. In the process of metaphor translation, we must not only consider the specific context, but also pay attention to the cultural differences between two different languages so as to avoid mistakes.