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目前在车床上车削细长轴时,采用一端卡盘、一端顶尖或两端顶尖支承的定位装夹方式。图1、图2为这两种定位装夹的示意图和力学模型,因工件受到轴向顶压力,而称轴向压夹法。细长轴车削采用这种装夹时,受轴向顶压力和自重影响而弯曲,特别是在高速旋转时,受到离心力的作用而使弯曲更加严重,振动也会相应加剧。并且在切削热的作用下,轴向膨胀伸长也会加剧细长轴弯曲。
At present, lathe turning slender shaft, the use of one end chuck, one end of the top or both ends of the top bearing positioning fixture. Figure 1, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the two positioning clamping and mechanical model, because the workpiece by the axial top pressure, and said axial compression Clamping method. Slender shaft turning using this kind of clamping, under the influence of the axial top pressure and self-weight bending, especially in high-speed rotation, by the centrifugal force of the role of bending more serious, the vibration will be increased accordingly. And under the action of cutting heat, the axial expansion and elongation will also aggravate the slender shaft bending.