新一轮课程改革的一个基本取向就是要改革学校教育与社会、生产、生活实际严重脱节的问题,从而提高学生的综合素质。学生学习的最终目的也是要在社会上应用所学知识解决实际问题,成为某一行业的专家。然而现实的情况却是学生在学校所学的知识只有很少一部分能够适应社会,在学校所接受的教育和实际需求还有较大差距。有证据显示,造成这一现象的原因就在学校,在学校的课程和学校的教学。学生学习的“实然”的课程是给定的,是以理论知识为主体的;教学也只是对课程的解读。希伯特等人认为这样的课程存在的最主要问 The basic orientation of the new round of curriculum reform is to reform the problem that school education is seriously out of line with society, production, and life, so as to improve the overall quality of students. The ultimate goal of student learning is to apply the knowledge learned in society to solve practical problems and become an expert in a certain industry. However, the reality is that only a small part of the students’ knowledge in school can adapt to the society, and there is still a big gap between the education and actual needs of the students. There is evidence that the causes of this phenomenon are in schools, in school curricula and school teaching. The “actual” courses that students learn are given, and they are based on theoretical knowledge. Teaching is only an interpretation of the curriculum. Hibbert et al. believe that the most important question of such a course exists