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雷电回击模型是研究较低电离层暂态光发射的产生、雷电辐射能量、地球电磁环境特征和雷电与各种物体和系统的相互作用的需要。雷电回击电磁模型是基于麦克斯韦方程组的模型,这些模型相对较新且是适合雷电电磁场计算的所有模型中最精确的模型。分析了雷电回击电磁模型中使用的4种回击通道表示方法的优点和缺点,这4种回击通道是:(1)空气中的良导线或电阻线;(2)嵌入电介质(非空气)中的线;(3)空气中加载附加分布串联电感的线;(4)空气中带附加分布并联电容的线。此外,本文描述和比较了电磁回击模型中使用的不同的激励方法:(1)底部带指定阻抗(或电路)的闭合的带电垂直线;(2)三角间隙电场源;(3)集总电流源。最后回顾和比较了适用于雷电回击电磁模型的典型的数值计算方法:时域和频域矩量法(MoM)和时域有限差分(FDTD)法。
The lightning strike model is to study the generation of the lower ionospheric transient light emission, the radiation energy of the lightning, the characteristics of the electromagnetic environment of the Earth and the interaction between the lightning and various objects and systems. The lightning strike electromagnetic model is a model based on Maxwell’s equations that are relatively new and the most accurate of all the models that are suitable for lightning electromagnetic field calculations. The strengths and weaknesses of the four ways of backwash channels used in the lightning strike electromagnetic model are analyzed: (1) good conductor or resistance in air; (2) embedded in dielectric (non-air) Line; (3) air to add additional distribution of series inductance line; (4) in the air with additional distribution of shunt capacitance line. In addition, different excitation methods used in the electromagnetic recoil model are described and compared: (1) a closed charged vertical line with a designated impedance (or circuit) at the bottom; (2) a triangular gap electric field source; (3) source. Finally, the typical numerical methods applied to the electromagnetic model of lightning strikeback are reviewed and compared: MoM and FDTD.