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相对性理论(简称相对论)与平常所说的相对性原理是不同的。早在爱因斯坦之前,很多学者就已注意到相对性原理的存在了。所谓相对性原理是指下列事实而言,凡是运动的物体都是相对的。例如,把铁道旁的电线杆看作是不动的,火车以速度V向前行驶,反之,也可把火车看作不动,电线杆以速度V向后行驶。爱因斯坦的相对性理论是在相对性原理之外,再加上一条光速不变原理,由这二个原理所组成的。所谓光速不变原理是指光的速度对于互相平行并以一定速度运动的一些物体来说是不变的。现在介绍几种由相对论导出的我们不太习惯但是非常有趣的结果。
The theory of relativity (abbreviation for relativity) is different from the usual principle of relativity. Long before Einstein, many scholars had noticed the existence of the principle of relativity. The so-called relativity principle refers to the fact that all objects that are moving are relative. For example, consider the poles next to the railway as being immovable. The train travels at a speed of V. If not, the train can be regarded as still. The poles travel backward at a speed of V. Einstein’s theory of relativity is based on the theory of relativity, plus a principle of constant speed of light, composed of these two principles. The so-called constant principle of the speed of light means that the speed of light is constant for some objects moving parallel to each other and at a certain speed. We will now introduce several results that we are not used to but are very interesting from the theory of relativity.