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目的:探讨孕前及孕期贫血与新生儿体格发育的关系。方法:研究对象为浙江、江苏、河北27个县市1993年1月～1996年12月分娩妇女及其生育的新生儿,共535137例。采用张路指数(ZLI)衡量新生儿体格发育状况。将新生儿按性别和胎龄分层,分析母亲孕前及孕期贫血程度与新生儿ZLI的关系。采用多元逐步回归分析影响新生儿ZLI的相关因素。结果:母亲孕前轻度和中度贫血组新生儿ZLI均值低于母亲孕前非贫血组新生儿ZLI均值。除母亲孕晚期轻度和中度贫血组新生儿ZLI均值高于非贫血组外,母亲孕期轻度、中度和重度贫血组新生儿ZLI均值均低于非贫血组;新生儿ZLI均值随母亲血红蛋白值降低而降低。母亲孕前、孕早期和孕中期贫血与早产儿ZLI均值降低有关,妊娠各期贫血均与足月儿ZLI均值降低有关。在控制了母亲孕早期体重、胎龄、母亲孕期增重及胎数等因素后,孕前血红蛋白值与ZLI呈现正相关关系。结论:孕前及孕期贫血对新生儿体格发育有不利影响。
Objective: To explore the relationship between anemia before pregnancy and pregnancy and neonatal physical development. Methods: The subjects of study were 535,137 women of childbearing and their newborns in 27 counties and cities of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Hebei from January 1993 to December 1996. Zhang Road Index (ZLI) to measure the physical development of newborns. Neonates were stratified by sex and gestational age to analyze the relationship between mother’s pre-pregnancy and anemia and neonatal ZLI. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis of factors affecting neonatal ZLI. Results: The average neonatal ZLI in mothers with mild and moderate anemia before pregnancy was lower than that of non-anemic mothers before pregnancy. In addition to mothers with mild and moderate anemia in the third trimester of newborns ZLI average higher than non-anemia group, mothers mild, moderate and severe anemia neonates ZLI average were lower than non-anemia group; neonatal ZLI mean with the mother Hemoglobin value decreases and decreases. Maternal pre-pregnancy, early pregnancy and second trimester anemia and preterm children with lower mean ZLI, anemia during pregnancy and full-term children are related to lower ZLI. After controlling the mother’s weight in early pregnancy, gestational age, mother’s weight gain during pregnancy and other factors, the hemoglobin value before pregnancy showed a positive correlation with ZLI. Conclusion: Anemia before and during pregnancy adversely affects the physical development of neonates.