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目的探讨影响2~30个月婴幼儿认知发育的相关因素,为婴幼儿发育的早期促进提供参考依据。方法在内蒙古呼和浩特市随机抽取城乡各一个点作为项目点,共抽取2~30个月龄婴幼儿110人。以问卷形式调查影响婴幼儿认知发育的相关因素,采用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表对婴幼儿进行发育评估。采用相关分析、方差分析、多元线性回归模型等统计方法对数据进行分析。结果智力发育指数均值(MDI)为102.51±15.55,运动发育指数均值(PDI)为98.26±15.18。城市儿童的MDI得分高于农村儿童的MDI得分(t=8.03,P=0.005);城市与农村儿童的运动发育水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。性别、分娩方式、父母受教育程度对婴幼儿智力及运动发育均无显著影响(均P>0.05)。出生体重与MDI及PDI均有显著的正性相关(r=0.21,P=0.028;r=0.28,P=0.003)。多元线性回归分析提示出生体重是2~30个月婴幼儿MDI及PDI的独立影响因素。结论生长在城市的婴幼儿认知发育较好,出生体重与婴幼儿认知发育有一定正相关。
Objective To explore the related factors that affect the cognitive development of infants and young children aged 2 ~ 30 months and provide reference for the early promotion of infant development. Methods A sample of urban and rural areas were randomly selected as the project sites in Huhhot, Inner Mongolia. A total of 110 infants and young children aged 2-30 months were collected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the related factors that affect the cognitive development of infants and toddlers. The infant and young children were assessed for development using the Bayley Infant Development Scale. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis such as correlation analysis, analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression model. Results The mean value of mental development index (MDI) was 102.51 ± 15.55 and the mean value of motor development index (PDI) was 98.26 ± 15.18. The MDI score of urban children was higher than that of rural children (t = 8.03, P = 0.005). There was no significant difference in motor development between urban and rural children (P> 0.05). Gender, mode of delivery, and parental education had no significant effect on intelligence and motor development in infants and young children (all P> 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between birth weight and MDI and PDI (r = 0.21, P = 0.028; r = 0.28, P = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that birth weight was an independent influencing factor for MDI and PDI in infants and young children aged 2 to 30 months. Conclusion The growth of infants and young children in urban areas has a good cognitive development, and there is a positive correlation between birth weight and infant cognitive development.